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1993-11-16
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4dview(1) Geomview Module 4dview(1)
NAME
4dview - interactively display and slice projections of a
4 dimensional object
SYNOPSIS
4dview
DESCRIPTION
4dview is an interactive program for displaying projec-
tions of 4-dimensional geometric objects on an Iris. It
was designed specifically to be used as an external module
for geomview.
The program works by reading in a text file specifying the
geometry of the 4-D object, then sending a stream of 3-D
projections of the object via standard output to geomview.
The input file must contain the geometry of the object in
one of the oogl formats (see OOGL objects). Typing the
name of the input file into the space provided on the main
panel, and clicking on load will bring the object up on
the display.
In addition to the main panel, 4dview has three sub-panels
containing features that allow the user to modify the pro-
jection and actual geometry of the object being viewed.
The first and most frequently used panel is the projection
panel which can be reached by clicking on the button of
the same name in the main panel.
To change the projection, use the left and right mouse
buttons while dragging across the 'Projection axis' con-
troller on the projection panel. The left mouse adjusts
the direction, and the right mouse adjusts the length, of
the red segment. It extends from the origin to a point in
the unit ball, and specifies a direction (a unit vector)
in 4-space as follows: the vector's (x,y,z) components are
those of the segment's tip, and its w component is chosen
to form a unit vector in the positive w hemisphere. Here
x extends rightward, y toward the viewer, z upward. So
when the red segment has zero length, the projection axis
is entirely in the w direction i.e. (0,0,0,1), and when it
reaches the top of the ball, the projection axis is
(0,0,1,0). The blue segments are perpendicular to the red
axis, and reach to the surface of the ball. They're
intended only as perspective cues, so altering their
direction does not change the 4-D projection.
The speed at which the projection changes depends on the
complexity of the object. One may also type in a new pro-
jection matrix explicitly, in the space provided. Clicking
on the 'Default Projection' button will cause the projec-
tion matrix to revert to the identity matrix.
Another sub-panel is the features sub-panel. This panel is
June 20, 1992 1
4dview(1) Geomview Module 4dview(1)
for when new features will be added to 4dview. At present
the only additional feature is the capability of switching
between two different projection schemes, Perspective and
Orthogonal projection. Other features such as color con-
trol and perhaps animation will most likely be added here.
To facilitate understanding of the 4th-dimension in
4dview, vertices are associated with a particular color
depending upon how far away they are from the projection
hyperplane. Using smooth shading mode (see geomview) will
allow one to see a gradient in color along the surface of
the object. Vertices that are further away become redish
while vertices that are nearer become blueish.
Beyond projection, the 4dview module also allows one to
slice off part of an object with a hyperplane. This is
useful in the case where one wants to see the inside of
the object or get rid of irrelevant parts of the object.
This slicing feature is available when one brings up the
slicing sub-panel.
To control the orientation of the slicing hyperplane one
drags across the 'Slicing plane axis' with the left or
right mouse button or enters numbers into the provided
spaces that explicitly define its orientation. To control
the depth of the hyperplane one adjusts the 'Slice Depth'
slider or enters a value into the depth value box.
As the position of the hyperplane changes, vertices which
are on the side of the hyperplane being clipped are now
colored white. This provides a rough idea of what will be
gone when we actually slice. Clicking on the 'Flip' button
will change the side of the hyperplane on which clipping
is being performed. Clicking on the 'Slice' button will
then perform the actual clipping.
Any changes to the geometry of the object produced by
slicing can be saved by typing in the name of the file to
store the changed object into, and then clicking on
'Store'. The stored object is always in the 4OFF format
regardless of the format the object was originally stored
in.
BUGS
This is the first release of the program so there could be plenty.
Please report any you may find to me.
SEE ALSO
geomview(1) oogl(5)
AUTHOR
Daeron Meyer email: daeron@geom.umn.edu
The Geometry Center phone: (612) 626-8302
1300 South Second Street
June 20, 1992 2
4dview(1) Geomview Module 4dview(1)
Minneapolis, MN 55454
Many thanks to Stuart Levy for the projection axis controller and
considerable help in debugging this program. Also, thanks to Celeste
Fowler for her tool which allows my program to be able to handle all
oogl object file formats.
June 20, 1992 3